Blended cost and emissions based on your EV/gas driving split.
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles combine a battery-powered electric motor with a conventional gasoline engine. The key metric is "utility factor" — the percentage of driving done on electric power. If your daily commute is shorter than the EV range (typically 40-80 km for modern PHEVs), you can drive almost entirely on electricity, achieving effective fuel consumption near zero liters per 100 km for daily driving. Studies show that PHEV owners who charge regularly drive 60-80% of their total kilometers on electricity. However, PHEVs that are never charged perform worse than efficient hybrids due to carrying a heavy battery. The European Commission found real-world PHEV emissions are 2-4× higher than official test figures because many owners don't plug in. For maximum benefit: charge daily, choose a PHEV with range exceeding your commute, and use gasoline mode only for long trips. The TCO (total cost of ownership) is typically 15-25% lower than a comparable ICE vehicle over 5 years.