Compare semen parameters to WHO 2021 reference values.
Volume ≥ 1.4 mL. Total count ≥ 39 million. Concentration ≥ 16 million/mL. Total motility ≥ 42%. Normal morphology ≥ 4%. Values below these represent the 5th percentile of fertile men. Abnormal results should be confirmed with a repeat test after 2–3 months.