Calculate SV, CO, and CI from echo or catheterization data.
SV = EDV − ESV. EF = SV/EDV × 100. CO = SV × HR. CI = CO / BSA. Normal SV: 60–100 mL. Normal EF: 55–70%. Normal CO: 4–8 L/min. Normal CI: 2.5–4.0 L/min/m². Low CI indicates cardiogenic shock when combined with elevated filling pressures.